Determinants of CSR and green purchase intention: Mediating role of customer green psychology during COVID-19 pandemic.

COVID-19 is a viral disease also comprehended as a coronavirus pandemic that has compelled the world to revisit business strategies to encounter COVID-19 challenges. Over the last decade, ample research has been accomplished on corporate social responsibility (CSR) and circular economy. Nevertheless, a key research gap requires to be filled that how CSR can perform a foremost role in engaging stakeholders like consumers during the COVID-19 era. Drawing from the stakeholder theory, this research endeavors to probe CSR's impact on green purchase intention (GPI) with mediating role of green psychology (GP). Data for the study were gathered from mainland China employing convenience sampling and examined by utilizing SEM (Structural Equation Model). First, the study indicated a direct relationship between CSR and GPI as well as between CSR and GP within three streams, i.e., green trust (GT), green satisfaction (GS), and green perceived value (GPV). It is found that GT, GS, and GPV positively influence GPI whereas the positive mediating relationships of each GP factor were autonomously observed between CSR and GPI, respectively. This research can improve the understanding of the enterprises about consumers and how incorporating green activities may enhance consumers' GPI and GP during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study addresses numerous interesting and insightful implications for strategic management together with certain possibilities for prospective researchers.

A Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Pivot: Development of the American Board of Anesthesiology's Virtual APPLIED Examination.

In 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic interrupted the administration of the APPLIED Examination, the final part of the American Board of Anesthesiology (ABA) staged examination system for initial certification. In response, the ABA developed, piloted, and implemented an Internet-based "virtual" form of the examination to allow administration of both components of the APPLIED Exam (Standardized Oral Examination and Objective Structured Clinical Examination) when it was impractical and unsafe for candidates and examiners to travel and have in-person interactions. This article describes the development of the ABA virtual APPLIED Examination, including its rationale, examination format, technology infrastructure, candidate communication, and examiner training. Although the logistics are formidable, we report a methodology for successfully introducing a large-scale, high-stakes, 2-element, remote examination that replicates previously validated assessments.

New Structural Economic Analysis of Anti-COVID-19 Pandemic Model of BEST Region.

The successful anti-COVID-19 pandemic model of BEST region (Beijing-Seoul-Tokyo) includes China, Japan and South Korea, which benefit from its well-functioning organizational ecosystem and specific anti-COVID-19 pandemic strategies. Under the premise of an efficient market, the capable organizations of China, Japan and South Korea will play the dynamic function of coordination and organic connection. They will also help improve the governance efficiency of facilitating state in different stages of fighting against the pandemic. This article follows the analytical logic of the new structural economics, taking the factor endowment and its structure as the starting point for the analysis, through the comparative advantage operation mode determined by the market, and based on the collaborative anti-COVID-19 pandemic perspective of the government, the market and various social organizations, to build a framework for the facilitating state-efficient market-capable organization. The key to the success of the anti-COVID-19 pandemic method in China, Japan and South Korea is organically coordinated between government, market and organizations. Based on the effective promotion of micro-organizations, governments organize resource integration and implement macro-control of the market. A dynamic balance between economic governance and pandemic prevention and control has been achieved by optimizing the endowment structure of resources, improving infrastructure and reducing system costs.

A Review of Micro-Based Systemic Risk Research from Multiple Perspectives.

The Covid-19 pandemic has brought about a heavy impact on the world economy, which arouses growing concerns about potential systemic risk, taking place in countries and regions. At this critical moment, it makes sense to interpret the systemic risk from the perspective of the financial crisis framework. By combing the latest research on systemic risks, we may arrive at some precautions relating to the current events. This literature review verifies the origin of systemic risk research. By comparing the retrieved and screened systemic literature with the relevant research on the financial crisis, more focus on the micro-foundations of systemic risk has been discovered. Besides, the measurement methods of systemic risks and the introduction of interdisciplinary methods have made the research in this field particularly active. This paper synthesizes the previous research conclusions to find the appropriate definition of systemic risk and combs the research literature of systemic risk from two lines: Firstly, conducting the division according to the sub-branch fields within the financial discipline and the relevant interdisciplinary research methods, which is helpful for scholars within and outside the discipline to have a more systematic understanding of the research in this field. Secondly predicting the research direction that can be expanded in this field.